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The Basal Ganglia constitute a feed-forward loop that receives input from all areas of the cortex and projects back primarily to the frontal cortex. Parkinson's disease is characterized by several electrophysiological changes in the loop as a whole and in the Basal Ganglia in particular. These changes include appearance of periodic oscillations and enhanced firing synchronization. The relationship between the tremor and the Parkinsonian synchronous oscillations is under debate. It has been proposed that the Parkinsonian tremor is of a central origin and is caused by these periodic oscillations. There are several lines of evidence to this hypothesis, but there are some reports on neural periodic oscillations that appear with no seen tremor.
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